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. 2026 Sep 10;14(9):797. doi: 10.3390/vaccines14090797
GBM glioblastoma
BBB blood–brain barrier
TAM tumor-associated macrophages
GelMA gelatin methacryloyl
VLP virus-like particles
GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein
CR complete remission
OVA ovalbumin
TME Tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment
MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cells
SEM scanning electron microscopy
TEM transmission electron microscope
DAB 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
ALT alanine aminotransferase
AST aspartate aminotransferase
CREA creatinine
IVIS in vivo imaging system
APC antigen-presenting cells
BBTB blood–brain tumor barrier