GPR	Ground-Penetrating Radar
DOFS	Distributed optical-fibre sensing
M-S-N	Material–Structural–Network
SHM	Structural health monitoring
NDT	Nondestructive testing
PS-InSAR	Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
CMP	Common Mid-Point
AI	Artificial intelligence
PINNs	Physics-Informed Neural Networks
FDTD	Finite-difference time domain
FBG	Fibre Bragg Grating
OFDR	Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry
DAS	Distributed acoustic sensing
BOTDA	Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis
OFS	Optical-fibre sensing
SBAS	Small Baseline Subset
UASs	Uncrewed Aerial Systems