As	Arsenic
AT	Averaging Time
BW	Body Weight
CA-P	Arabic/Cardamom Coffee Product (Qahwa)
Cd	Cadmium
CGAs	Chlorogenic Acids
Cr	Chromium
Cr(VI)	Hexavalent Chromium
Cr(III)	Trivalent Chromium
CSF	Cancer Slope Factor
DALYs	Disability-Adjusted Life Years
EDI	Estimated Daily Intake
EF	Exposure Frequency
ED	Exposure Duration
eNOS	Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
EPA	Environmental Protection Agency
EU	European Union
GCC	Gulf Cooperation Council
HI	Hazard Index
HQ	Hazard Quotient
ICP-MS	Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
IDF	International Diabetes Federation
ILCR	Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk
IR	Intake Rate
JECFA	Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
MENA	Middle East and North Africa
MDL	Method Detection Limit
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor Kappa B
Ni	Nickel
NCD	Non-Communicable Disease
Pb	Lead
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
QA/QC	Quality Assurance/Quality Control
RfD	Reference Dose
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SD	Standard Deviation
SFDA	Saudi Food and Drug Authority
T2DM	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha
USEPA	United States Environmental Protection Agency
WHO	World Health Organization