Table 1.
Characteristics of Residents and Nursing Homes by Hospice Use Concentration Categories
| Hospice Concentration Categories | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Resident Characteristics | No or Low (0–3%) (n=2,285) | Medium (3–5%) (n=453) | High (5%+) (n=731) |
| Having severe pain | |||
| Rated by study nurses (%) | 27.13 | 15.23 | 17.92 |
| Rated by NH staff (%) | 31.03 | 14.79 | 13.27 |
| Having mild daily or worse pain | |||
| Rated by study nurse (%) | 44.90 | 28.48 | 28.86 |
| Rated by NH staff (%) | 46.87 | 28.92 | 25.58 |
| Age categories (years) | |||
| <65 (%) | 13.30 | 12.14 | 8.34 |
| 75–85 (%) | 36.46 | 29.80 | 30.64 |
| 85–95 (%) | 28.10 | 35.32 | 42.13 |
| 95+ (%) | 3.85 | 5.74 | 8.89 |
| Nonwhite (%) | 19.12 | 11.92 | 12.72 |
| Men (%) | 34.66 | 23.18 | 27.36 |
| Not married (%) | 72.04 | 80.57 | 83.31 |
| Cancer (%) | 11.07 | 4.86 | 6.84 |
| Diabetes (%) | 25.16 | 26.27 | 21.89 |
| Osteoporosis (%) | 12.15 | 15.67 | 11.22 |
| Arthritis (%) | 27.88 | 27.81 | 20.25 |
| Any pressure ulcer (%) | 22.76 | 18.54 | 15.18 |
| Hip fracture in the past 6 months (%) | 5.47 | 4.86 | 6.57 |
| Wound infection (%) | 7.75 | 3.97 | 3.56 |
| Dementia (%) | 20.61 | 30.68 | 31.19 |
| Cognitive impairment | |||
| No or mild (CPS=0, 1) (%) | 49.50 | 32.45 | 22.44 |
| Moderate (CPS=2, 3) (%) | 31.29 | 39.96 | 47.20 |
| Severe (CPS=4–6) (%) | 19.21 | 27.59 | 30.37 |
| Nursing Home Characteristics | No or Low (0–3%) (n=110) | Medium (3–5%) (n=25) | High (5%+) (n=43) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospice concentration | |||
| Median (range) | 0.67 (0–2.95) | 3.63 (3.08–4.99) | 6.88 (5.19–13.08) |
| Facility ran for profit (%) | 38.47 | 59.38 | 56.36 |
| Free-standing facility (%) | 44.20 | 85.43 | 96.99 |
| Part of a chain (%) | 52.78 | 53.20 | 42.27 |
| NH occupancy rate >80% (%) | 67.83 | 67.11 | 82.22 |
| Facility has special care unit | 10.24 | 25.83 | 33.93 |
| Percent of residents paid by Medicaid | |||
| Mean±SD | 38.13±35.39 | 60.64±27.16 | 57.2±22.64 |
| Percent of residents paid by Medicare | |||
| Mean±SD | 36.65±34.87 | 14.91±21.51 | 8.17±13.69 |
| Percent of residents with dementia | |||
| Mean±SD | 1.76±6.28 | 7.82±15.13 | 8.84±19.58 |
| Number of nurse hour per resident | |||
| Mean±SD | 4.55±1.85 | 3.33±1.11 | 3.04±0.98 |
| State in which NH was located | |||
| California (%) | 21.82 | 8.00 | 6.98 |
| Illinois (%) | 20.91 | 8.00 | 23.36 |
| Missouri (%) | 3.64 | 24.00 | 27.91 |
| Ohio (%) | 10.91 | 24.00 | 18.60 |
| Pennsylvania (%) | 18.18 | 32.00 | 18.60 |
| Tennessee (%) | 24.55 | 4.00 | 4.65 |