Table 3.
Means and Standard Deviations of Variables Used in the Models Predicting Rate of ACSH in Urban Areas, Year 2000*
| Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|
| Outcome variables | |
| ACSH rate, ages 0–17 | 10.57 (6.023) |
| ACSH rate, ages 18–39 | 7.11 (3.016) |
| ACSH rate, ages 40–64 | 20.45 (8.540) |
| Health system and use factors | |
| Number of primary care MDs per 100,000 | 71.12 (40.192) |
| Short-term general hospital beds per 1,000 | 2.75 (2.000) |
| Percent of hospitals investor owned | 9.10 (23.132) |
| Medicaid generosity† | 1.31 (0.299) |
| Community health center in county | 0.43 (0.496) |
| Emergency department visits per 1,000 | 381.51 (177.013) |
| Demographic factors | |
| Percent identifying self as African-American | 10.04 (12.537) |
| Percent identifying self as Hispanic | 6.82 (9.158) |
| Percent identifying self as Asian | 2.23 (3.906) |
| Percent identifying self as Native-American | 0.89 (4.082) |
| Percent < high school graduation | 18.45 (6.471) |
| Percent age 16+ unemployed | 5.52 (2.168) |
| Crime rate per 10,000 (/1,000) | 0.37 (0.132) |
| Persons per square mile/1,000 | 0.91 (3.623) |
| Social and economic factors | |
| Percent population change, 1990–2000 | 16.51 (18.086) |
| Percent of families headed by single parents | 27.40 (6.779) |
| Percent of households with income < $15K | 15.16 (5.273) |
| Percent of households with income>$75K | 21.08 (9.295) |
| Population health factors | |
| Percent of population age 5–20 with a disability | 8.09 (1.253) |
| Percent of population age 21–64 with a disability | 18.70 (4.192) |
| Percent of days annual days with unhealthy air | 3.18 (3.709) |
| Death rate, heart disease (× 100) | 0.17 (0.063) |
| Death rate, COPD (× 100) | 0.04 (0.015) |
| Death rate, diabetes (× 100) | 0.02 (0.008) |
| Death rate, liver disease (× 100) | 0.01 (0.004) |
*
Source:Monitoring the Health Care Safety Net. Book II: A Data Book for States and Counties (Billings and Weinick, 2003b); urban n used for models=642; all variables are measured at the county level.
†
Medicaid expenditures per person under age 65 below 200% of the poverty threshold (divided by 1,000).
SD, standard deviation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACSH, hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions; MD, doctors of medicine.