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. 2026 Aug 27;18(9):935. doi: 10.3390/v18090935
MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
OAS-RNase L Oligoadenylate synthetase–ribonuclease L
WHO World Health Organization
EMC Erasmus Medical Center
HCoV Human coronavirus
PDE Phosphodiesterase
NLS Nuclear localization sequence
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
FBS Fetal bovine serum
MOI Multiplicity of infection
PFU Plaque-forming units
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
hpi Hours post-infection
ASL Apical surface liquid
ALI Air–liquid interface
IFN Interferon
ISG Interferon-stimulated gene
SDS/PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
PVDF Polyvinylidene difluoride
BSA Bovine serum albumin
PABPC1 Poly(A)-Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1
KO Knockout