Table 3.

Summary of Individual Characteristics

	1996/1997		1998/1999
Characteristic	Mean	Standard Deviation	Mean	Standard Deviation	p-Value
N	1,221		1,381
Age (years)
0	0.095	0.293	0.083	0.276	.274
1	0.093	0.291	0.080	0.271
2–3	0.170	0.375	0.135	0.342
4–6	0.179	0.383	0.176	0.381
7–10	0.196	0.397	0.222	0.415
11–14	0.144	0.351	0.159	0.366
15–18	0.124	0.329	0.146	0.353
Sex
Male	0.495	0.500	0.497	0.500	.759
Female	0.505	0.500	0.503	0.500
Race
Race 1 (white)	0.407	0.491	0.414	0.493	.532
Race 2 (black)	0.321	0.467	0.337	0.473
Race 3 (other)	0.272	0.445	0.248	0.432
Highest education level (years)
Less than 12	0.210	0.407	0.198	0.399	.796
12	0.460	0.499	0.478	0.499
13–15	0.243	0.429	0.235	0.424
16	0.062	0.242	0.067	0.249
17 or more	0.025	0.155	0.022	0.146
Household smokers
Any smokers	0.491	0.500	0.492	0.500	.308
No smokers	0.509	0.500	0.508	0.500
Family income
<$5,000	0.170	0.376	0.140	0.348	.053
$5,000–$9,999	0.209	0.407	0.185	0.388
$10,000–$19,999	0.294	0.456	0.299	0.458
$20,000–$29,999	0.143	0.351	0.159	0.365
$30,000–$39,999	0.063	0.243	0.090	0.286
$40,000–$49,999	0.042	0.200	0.046	0.210
$50,000 or more	0.079	0.269	0.080	0.272
Family type
Married/single, no children	0.012	0.110	0.014	0.120	.044
Married parents, w/children	0.241	0.428	0.273	0.446
Single parent, w/children	0.622	0.485	0.586	0.493
Other, nonnuclear	0.125	0.331	0.127	0.333
Family size
1–2 persons	0.301	0.459	0.298	0.458	.890
3–5 persons	0.642	0.480	0.627	0.484
6–8 persons	0.057	0.233	0.075	0.263
Child's health status
Excellent	0.412	0.492	0.439	0.496	.014
Very good	0.301	0.459	0.274	0.446
Good	0.188	0.391	0.196	0.397
Fair	0.084	0.277	0.075	0.264
Poor	0.015	0.121	0.015	0.122
Parent's health status
Excellent	0.143	0.350	0.154	0.361	.113
Very good	0.283	0.451	0.280	0.449
Good	0.328	0.470	0.311	0.463
Fair/poor	0.247	0.431	0.255	0.436
Medicaid HMO market share	0.281	0.205	0.329	0.262	.056
Medicaid PCCM market share	0.178	0.216	0.152	0.227	.789

Note: p-value from tests for equality across years. χ² tests were used for the categorical (percent) variables, and t-tests were used for continuous (mean) variables.

HMO, health maintenance organization; PCCM, primary care case management.