Table 1.

Examples of Publications That Present Validity Issues and/or Validation Techniques

Manuscript Title, Journal, Year	“Type” of Validity	Validation Technique(s)
“Psychometric Evaluation of Selected Pain Intensity Scales for Use with Cognitively Impaired and Cognitively Intact Older Adults,”Rehabilitation Nursing, 2005	“Concurrent”	Spearman correlation across scales
“The Psychometric Properties of Five Scoring Methods Applied to the Script Concordance Test,”Academic Medicine, 2005	“Differential”	Correlation with multiple-choice exam scores
	“Predictive”	Association with clinical performance
“Research Burnout: A Refined Multidimensional Scale,”Psychological Reports, 2004	“Factorial”	Confirmatory factor analysis
	“Nomological”	Not provided
“A Level-of-Functioning Self-Report Measure for Consumers with Severe Mental Illness, Psychological Services, 2002	Construct	Correlation across persons
	“Further”	Correlation across self-reports, case manager ratings, interviewer ratings
“Sensation and Distress of Pain Scales: Reliability, Validity, and Sensitivity,”Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2001	Convergent	Correlation across scales
	Construct	Correlation across scales
	Discriminant	Correlation across scales
“Development and Initial Validation of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire,”Behavioral Research & Therapy, 2001	Convergent	Partial correlation with other instruments
	“Known-groups”	MANOVA, ANOVA across groups, instruments
“Ensuring Content Validity: An Illustration of the Process,”Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2001	Content	Agreement (κ) of experts; focus group of nurses