Table 1.
Sociodemographic factors, migraine characteristics, and comorbidities of the study population.
| Factors | Using a diary (N = 345) | Not using a diary (N = 502) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 35 (30–43) | 35 (31–42) | 0.409 |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 341 (98.8%) | 482 (96.0%) | 0.015 |
| Living with a partner, n (%) | 278 (80.6%) | 432 (86.1%) | 0.033 |
| Having a child, n (%) | 167 (48.4%) | 305 (60.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Acquiring private insurance, n (%) | 134 (38.8%) | 198 (39.4%) | 0.860 |
| Living in a capital/district center, n (%) | 319 (92.4%) | 440 (87.6%) | 0.024 |
| Self-reported digital literacy, median (IQR) | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–10) | 0.020* |
| Education | |||
| Higher education, n (%) | 294 (85.2%) | 421 (83.9%) | 0.594 |
| Secondary education, n (%) | 48 (13.9%) | 78 (15.5%) | 0.514 |
| Employment | |||
| White-collar work, n (%) | 283 (82.0%) | 419 (83.5%) | 0.585 |
| Blue-collar work, n (%) | 81 (23.4%) | 108 (21.5%) | 0.500 |
| Student, n (%) | 32 (9.3%) | 32 (6.4%) | 0.117 |
| Retired, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 6 (1.2%) | 0.363 |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 19 (5.5%) | 22 (4.4%) | 0.454 |
| Remote work, n (%) | 90 (26.1%) | 115 (22.9%) | 0.289 |
| In-person work, n (%) | 255 (73.9%) | 387 (77.1%) | 0.289 |
| Age of migraine onset, median (IQR) | 18 (14–25) | 18 (14–25) | 0.933 |
| Migraine type and characteristics | |||
| Migraine with aura, n (%) | 110 (31.9%) | 188 (37.5%) | 0.096 |
| Migraine without aura, n (%) | 175 (50.7%) | 135 (26.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic, n (%) | 45 (13.0%) | 14 (2.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Vestibular, n (%) | 9 (2.6%) | 10 (2.0%) | 0.552 |
| Menstrual, n (%) | 41 (11.9%) | 50 (10.0%) | 0.374 |
| Average migraine pain when medications are ineffective, median (IQR) | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | 0.182 |
| Monthly headache days, median (IQR) | 6 (4–10) | 5 (3–8) | < 0.001 |
| Missed workdays due to migraine per month, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.149 |
| Frequency of acute medication use (days/month), median (IQR) | 6 (4–10) | 5 (3–8) | < 0.001 |
| Medication usage during migraine attacks, n (%) | 338 (98.0%) | 478 (95.2%) | 0.036 |
| Combined analgesics with codeine and/or caffeine, n (%) | 104 (30.1%) | 176 (35.1%) | 0.135 |
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 270 (78.3%) | 400 (79.7%) | 0.617 |
| Triptans, n (%) | 279 (80.9%) | 276 (55.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Preventive migraine treatment, n (%) | 163 (47.2%) | 58 (11.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Antidepressants, n (%) | 46 (13.3%) | 15 (3.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 44 (12.8%) | 37 (7.4%) | 0.009 |
| CGRP monoclonal antibodies, n (%) | 112 (32.5%) | 27 (5.4%) | < 0.001 |
| OnabotulinumtoxinA, n (%) | 6 (1.7%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0.592 |
| Antiepileptic medications, n (%) | 10 (2.9%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0.018 |
| Usage of medications for comorbidities, n (%) | 129 (37.4%) | 160 (31.9%) | |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 52 (15.1%) | 74 (14.7%) | 0.894 |
| Endocrine diseases, n (%) | 21 (6.1%) | 32 (6.4%) | 0.865 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases, n (%) | 37 (10.7%) | 83 (16.5%) | 0.017 |
| Other neurologic or psychiatric diseases, n (%) | 58 (16.8%) | 52 (10.4%) | 0.006 |
*
Despite identical medians with interquartile ranges, the mean values differed significantly (p < 0.05).
IQR, interquartile range; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide.