Table 2.

Models Testing the Association of Parental MDD with Psychopathology and Functioning in Offspring from 19–24.

	Maternal MDD				Paternal MDD
Offspring variable	Model 1	p-value	Model 2	p-value	Model 1	p-value	Model 2	p-value
Dichotomous measures
MDD recurrence	1.33 (1.03–1.72)	.029	1.37 (1.04–1.80)	.025	1.16 (0.88–1.54)	.281	1.08 (0.80–1.44)	.618
Bipolar disorder	0.82 (0.24–2.70)	.743	0.66 (0.19–2.35)	.524	2.04 (0.61–7.14)	.248	1.90 (0.53–6.76)	.321
Suicide attempt	0.77 (0.45–1.33)	.354	0.69 (0.39–1.22)	.199	1.56 (0.94–2.63)	.084	1.70 (0.98–2.94)	.059
Anxiety disorder	1.75 (1.10–2.86)	.019	1.67 (1.01–2.76)	.044	1.49 (0.94–2.33)	.085	1.30 (0.80–2.11)	.289
Substance use	0.94 (0.70–1.27)	.691	0.92 (0.67–1.26)	.615	1.30 (0.28–5.88)	.099	1.31 (0.95–1.80)	.100
Continuous measures
MDD chronicity	.15	.021	.14	.027	.07	.296	.03	.637
MDD severity	.13	.037	.10	.101	.10	.093	.05	.393
Suicidal ideation	.03	.682	.00	.956	.08	.188	.07	.291
GAF	−.14	.032	−.06	.262	−.15	.018	.08	.243

Note. MDD = major depressive disorder; GAF = Global Assessment of Functioning. Model 1 adjusts for the source of parental diagnostic data; Model 2 adjusts for (a) MDD in the co-parent, (b) whether the offspring had been living with the parent at T1, (c) non-mood disorder in the offspring by age 19, (d) parental non-mood disorder, and (e) whether the offspring was in a current episode of MDD at T3. Dichotomous outcomes are evaluated with odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals); continuous outcomes are evaluated with semi-partial correlations.