Table 4.
Meta-Analysis of Immune Responses to Brief Naturalistic Stress in Healthy Participants
| Immune marker | k | N | r | SEr | 95% CI | p | Q |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leukocyte subset count | |||||||
| Leukocytes | 9 | 249 | .20 | .07 | .07, .32 | .002 | 12.95 |
| Granulocytes | 3 | 56 | .01 | .15 | −.27, .29 | .93 | 0.01 |
| Neutrophils | 5 | 103 | .11 | .11 | −.07, .34 | .18 | 2.33 |
| Monocytes | 6 | 120 | .06 | .10 | −.13, .25 | .52 | 3.90 |
| Lymphocytes | 9 | 236 | .06 | .08 | −.10, .23 | .46 | 10.46 |
| T lymphocytes | 5 | 110 | .03 | .10 | −.18, .22 | .81 | 0.05 |
| T-helper lymphocytes | 7 | 197 | .06 | .08 | −.09, .21 | .43 | 1.08 |
| T-cytotoxic lymphocytes | 6 | 185 | .05 | .08 | −.10, .20 | .50 | 1.74 |
| T-helper:T-cytotoxic ratio | 12 | 351 | .01 | .07 | −.11, .14 | .84 | 13.68 |
| B lymphocytes | 5 | 126 | .48 | .56 | −.51, .92 | .35 | 99.48*** |
| Natural killer cells | 5 | 103 | −.15 | .11 | −.35, .06 | .16 | 2.06 |
| Leukocyte subset percentage | |||||||
| Monocytes | 4 | 98 | .11 | .11 | −.10, .32 | .30 | 2.33 |
| Lymphocytes | 3 | 97 | −.13 | .11 | −.33, .08 | .23 | 2.05 |
| T lymphocytes | 5 | 160 | −.16 | .18 | −.47, .19 | .36 | 13.67** |
| T-helper lymphocytes | 11 | 350 | −.11 | .10 | −.29, .09 | .28 | 26.56** |
| T-cytotoxic lymphocytes | 12 | 362 | −.03 | .06 | −.14, .08 | .60 | 8.84 |
| B lymphocytes | 3 | 121 | .07 | .53 | −.74, .80 | .89 | 42.48*** |
| Natural killer cells | 5 | 163 | −.02 | .19 | −.38, .35 | .93 | 18.20** |
| Total immunoglobulins | |||||||
| Serum IgA | 6 | 243 | .11 | .07 | −.02, .24 | .10 | 1.28 |
| Serum IgG | 7 | 290 | .06 | .06 | −.06, .17 | .37 | 2.54 |
| Serum IgM | 7 | 290 | .02 | .10 | −.17, .21 | .83 | 13.41* |
| Secretory IgA rate | 4 | 139 | .09 | .33 | −.50, .63 | .78 | 31.31*** |
| Secretory IgA concentration | 9 | 350 | .19 | .18 | −.20, .46 | .40 | 66.97*** |
| Specific immunoglobulin | |||||||
| Epstein-Barr virus | 7 | 359 | .20 | .04 | .10, .30 | .001 | 6.56 |
| Herpes simplex virus | 4 | 225 | .18 | .08 | −.02, .34 | .08 | 4.97 |
| Complement molecule | |||||||
| C3 | 3 | 116 | −.16 | .10 | −.34, .03 | .09 | 1.77 |
| Natural killer cell function | |||||||
| Natural killer cell cytotoxicity | 14 | 468 | −.11 | .05 | −.21, −.01 | .04 | 14.55 |
| Lymphocyte proliferation | |||||||
| Proliferation to ConA | 9 | 220 | −.32 | .15 | −.56, −.03 | .03 | 27.08*** |
| Proliferation to PHA | 14 | 443 | −.19 | .09 | −.35, −.02 | .03 | 33.38*** |
| Proliferation to PWM | 3 | 106 | −.17 | .15 | −.43, .12 | .24 | 4.75 |
| Cytokine production | |||||||
| Interleukin-1β | 6 | 149 | .11 | .08 | −.05, .27 | .17 | 15.07*** |
| Interleukin-2 | 4 | 107 | −.17 | .36 | −.71, .49 | .63 | 27.34*** |
| Interleukin-4 | 3 | 81 | −.10 | .12 | −.32, .13 | .39 | 0.69 |
| Interleukin-6 | 3 | 100 | .26 | .11 | .06, .44 | .01 | 0.79 |
| Interleukin-10 | 3 | 95 | .41 | .11 | .21, .57 | .001 | 1.65 |
| Interferon-γ | 8 | 314 | −.30 | .13 | −.51, .05 | .02 | 28.76*** |
| Tumor necrosis factor-α | 3 | 100 | .18 | .19 | −.19, .51 | .34 | 5.10 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; IgA = immunoglobulin A; IgG = immunoglobulin G; IgM = immunoglobulin M; ConA = concanavalin A; PHA = phytohemagglutinin; PWM = pokeweed mitogen.
*
p < .05.
**
p <.01.
***
p <.001.