. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 Feb 7.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Bull. 2004 Jul;130(4):601–630. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601

Table 7.

Meta-Analysis of Immune Responses to Chronic Stress in Healthy Participants

Immune marker	k	N	r	SE_r	95% CI	p	Q
Leukocyte subset count
Leukocytes	4	240	.07	.07	−.06, .19	.32	2.12
Neutrophils	3	124	.36	.36	−.33, .79	.31	20.45^***
Eosinophils	3	124	−.07	.22	−.47, .35	.75	8.07^*
Monocytes	4	240	−.04	.17	−.36, .29	.83	14.33^**
Lymphocytes	4	240	−.06	.10	−.25, .13	.54	5.24
T lymphocytes	5	470	−.03	.05	−.12, .06	.55	2.75
T-helper lymphocytes	10	786	−.05	.04	−.12, .03	.22	8.54
T-cytotoxic lymphocytes	10	786	−.08	.08	−.23, .08	.34	33.44^***
T-helper:T-cytotoxic ratio	6	528	−.11	.08	−.29, .08	.26	17.47^**
Activated B lymphocytes	3	138	−.02	.09	−.19, .15	.82	0.03
Natural killer cells	4	158	−.14	.32	−.65, .45	.65	33.61^***
Leukocyte subset percentage
Monocytes	3	224	.08	.10	−.11, .26	.42	3.18
T lymphocytes	5	522	−.03	.05	−.13, .07	.59	4.93
T-helper lymphocytes	10	860	−.07	.06	−.18, .03	.19	19.45^*
T-cytotoxic lymphocytes	10	860	.02	.05	−.08, .11	.75	13.72^*
Natural killer cells	6	246	.04	.09	−.13, .21	.64	7.85
Specific immunoglobulin
Antibody to herpes simplex virus 1	3	185	.44	.34	−.19, .81	.17	20.78^***
Antibody to influenza after vaccination	3	304	−.22	.05	−.33, −.11	.001	0.38
Natural killer cell function
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity	8	563	−.12	.05	−.20, −.01	.04	11.58
Lymphocyte proliferation
Proliferation to ConA	4	486	−.13	.06	−.24, −.02	.02	4.06
Proliferation to PHA	6	636	−.16	.06	−.27, −.05	.004	8.75
Cytokine production
Interleukin-2	3	355	−.21	.05	−.31, −.11	.001	1.50

Note. CI = confidence interval; ConA = concanavalin A; PHA = phytohemagglutinin.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.