Table 2.
Means for Children's Emotionality and Regulation Scores by Problem-Behavior Group
| Mother/parent CBCL groups |
Father CBCL groups |
Teacher TRF groups |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subscale | CONT | INT | EXT | CO | CONT | INT | EXT | CO | CONT | INT | EXT | CO |
| Emotionality | ||||||||||||
| Parent-rated | ||||||||||||
| Anger | 4.13 | 4.56 | 5.00 | 5.14 | 4.50 | 4.38 | 4.79 | 5.58 | 4.46 | 4.54 | 4.97 | 4.46 |
| (0.82) | (0.78) | (0.62) | (0.80) | (0.77) | (0.77) | (0.60) | (0.83) | (0.90) | (0.90) | (0.79) | (0.81) | |
| Fear | 3.43 | 3.83 | 3.67 | 4.05 | 3.64 | 4.00 | 3.79 | 3.84 | 3.74 | 3.75 | 3.47 | 3.74 |
| (0.89) | (1.02) | (0.60) | (1.09) | (0.91) | (0.79) | (0.75) | (1.42) | (0.98) | (0.85) | (0.92) | (1.08) | |
| Sadness | 3.97 | 4.40 | 4.42 | 4.73 | 4.21 | 4.42 | 4.47 | 4.67 | 4.28 | 4.51 | 4.26 | 4.23 |
| (0.69) | (0.76) | (0.86) | (0.80) | (0.75) | (0.90) | (0.60) | (1.07) | (0.83) | (0.77) | (0.83) | (0.70) | |
| Teacher-rated | ||||||||||||
| Anger | 3.68 | 3.34 | 4.06 | 3.74 | 3.54 | 3.02 | 3.81 | 3.75 | 2.88 | 3.82 | 4.32 | 5.31 |
| (1.31) | (1.23) | (1.55) | (1.29) | (1.30) | (1.14) | (1.15) | (1.60) | (0.95) | (0.99) | (0.98) | (0.91) | |
| Sadness | 3.61 | 3.66 | 3.81 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 3.63 | 3.87 | 3.84 | 3.26 | 4.18 | 3.63 | 4.65 |
| (1.01) | (0.89) | (1.13) | (0.99) | (1.02) | (1.09) | (0.95) | (1.20) | (0.86) | (0.81) | (0.82) | (0.83) | |
| Regulation | ||||||||||||
| Parent-rated | ||||||||||||
| Attention focus | 5.01 | 4.71 | 4.29 | 4.49 | 4.94 | 4.87 | 4.60 | 4.54 | 4.88 | 4.77 | 4.31 | 4.73 |
| (0.73) | (0.93) | (0.79) | (0.87) | (0.78) | (0.86) | (0.70) | (1.10) | (0.84) | (0.94) | (0.88) | (0.61) | |
| Attention shift | 4.40 | 4.26 | 3.55 | 3.78 | 4.23 | 4.20 | 3.68 | 3.66 | 4.24 | 4.04 | 3.76 | 4.17 |
| (0.85) | (0.86) | (0.67) | (0.90) | (0.80) | (1.05) | (0.90) | (1.00) | (0.86) | (0.99) | (0.86) | (0.93) | |
| Inhibitory control | 5.03 | 5.09 | 4.19 | 4.35 | 4.96 | 5.02 | 4.45 | 4.11 | 4.96 | 4.78 | 4.20 | 4.74 |
| (0.71) | (0.85) | (0.71) | (0.98) | (0.78) | (0.99) | (0.46) | (1.08) | (0.84) | (0.92) | (0.85) | (0.70) | |
| Impulsivity | 4.34 | 4.00 | 5.14 | 4.54 | 4.32 | 3.92 | 4.36 | 4.88 | 4.28 | 4.14 | 4.82 | 4.55 |
| (0.67) | (0.86) | (0.70) | (0.92) | (0.76) | (0.76) | (0.79) | (1.27) | (0.84) | (0.66) | (0.87) | (0.68) | |
| Teacher-rated | ||||||||||||
| Attention focus | 4.91 | 5.12 | 4.63 | 4.66 | 5.00 | 5.27 | 4.66 | 4.72 | 5.24 | 4.99 | 4.33 | 4.02 |
| (1.25) | (1.00) | (1.34) | (0.91) | (1.03) | (0.86) | (1.36) | (1.05) | (0.96) | (0.98) | (1.18) | (1.18) | |
| Attention shift | 4.80 | 5.00 | 4.34 | 4.46 | 4.86 | 5.37 | 4.38 | 4.33 | 5.22 | 4.63 | 4.23 | 3.52 |
| (1.10) | (1.20) | (1.53) | (1.04) | (0.95) | (1.29) | (1.58) | (1.34) | (0.98) | (1.07) | (0.94) | (0.98) | |
| Inhibitory control | 5.10 | 5.15 | 4.46 | 4.59 | 5.19 | 5.54 | 4.54 | 4.39 | 5.45 | 5.28 | 3.90 | 3.85 |
| (1.09) | (1.23) | (1.31) | (1.12) | (1.00) | (0.99) | (1.42) | (1.46) | (0.87) | (0.99) | (0.85) | (1.13) | |
| Impulsivity | 4.02 | 3.70 | 4.59 | 4.38 | 3.97 | 3.62 | 4.43 | 4.77 | 3.90 | 3.26 | 5.05 | 4.57 |
| (0.93) | (1.18) | (0.96) | (1.06) | (1.11) | (1.03) | (0.98) | (0.94) | (0.85) | (1.00) | (1.01) | (0.76) | |
| Observed regulation | ||||||||||||
| Movement rating | .01 | .02 | .18 | -.12 | .00 | .07 | -.26 | -.04 | -.02 | -.25 | .20 | .18 |
| (0.85) | (1.04) | (0.87) | (0.89) | (0.90) | (0.87) | (0.94) | (1.11) | (0.85) | (0.86) | (0.89) | (1.06) | |
| Puzzle persistence | .65 | .74 | .54 | .77 | .68 | .84 | .70 | .61 | .74 | .70 | .65 | .59 |
| (0.30) | (0.28) | (0.29) | (0.27) | (0.28) | (0.28) | (0.20) | (0.30) | (0.27) | (0.31) | (0.32) | (0.31) | |
Note. Standard deviations are in parentheses. The significance of differences between means is shown in Tables 3 and 4. CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; TRF = Teacher's Report Form; CONT = control/nondisordered group; INT = internalizing group; EXT = externalizing group; CO = comorbid group (children with internalizing and externalizing symptoms).