Table 3.

Summary of Multivariate Analyses of Covariance for T1 and T2 Negative Emotion Variables (With Age Controlled)

Emotion scale	T2 mother/parent CBCL groups	T2 father CBCL groups	T2 teacher TRF groups
Parent-rated	(n = 180-182)	(n = 105-106)	(n = 176-178)
Anger	CONT < EXT/CO***/***	CONT < EXT/CO***/***	CONT < EXT/CO*/†
	CONT < INT***	[CONT < EXT/CO† for boys*]	INT < EXT†
	[INT < EXT*/* for boys*/*]	[CONT < EXT/CO† for girls***]
Fear	CONT <EXT/CO**/**	[CONT < EXT/CO† for girls†]
	CONT < INT***/*
	EXT < INT†
Sadness	CONT < EXT/CO***	[CONT < EXT/CO* for girls†]	CONT < INT†
	CONT < INT*/**		EXT < INT*
	EXT < INT*
Teacher-rated	(n = 156-170)	(n = 96-107)	(n = 153-170)
Anger	INT < EXT†	CONT < EXT/CO**	CONT < EXT/CO***/***
			CONT < INT***
			INT < EXT*/†
Sadness	CONT < INT†	CONT < INT*	CONT < EXT/CO***
		EXT < INT†	CONT < INT***
			EXT < INT*

Note. Regular roman type indicates that the contrast held for both sets of analyses (the firs p value corresponds to T1 [Time 1] measures of negative emotionality; the second p value, to T2 [Time 2] negative emotionality). Italic type indicates that the contrast was significant for the T2 emotion but not the T1 emotion. Boldface type indicates that the contrast was significant for the T1 emotion but not the T2 emotion. Thus, all findings that are not in boldface type pertain to T2, whereas all findings that are not in italics pertain to T1 (at least marginal significance was found at T1). If there is only one indicator of significance, it is for T1 if the type is in boldface and for T2 if the type is in italics. See the means for the groups in Table 2. Brackets indicate an interaction effect. CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; TRF = Teacher's Report Form; CONT = control group; INT = internalizing group; EXT = externalizing group; EXT/CO = externalizing and comorbid groups combined.

^†p ≤ .10.

^*p ≤ .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p ≤ 001.