. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 Feb 7.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2005 Jan;41(1):193–211. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.193

Table 6.

Multivariate Analysis of Covariance Change Group Analyses With Respective Time 1 Variables Covaried From Analysis

Emotion or regulation scale	Mother CBCL	Teacher TRF
Emotionality	(n = 174-175)	(n = 143-154)
Anger	C/C < C/I^†	C/C < C/E^***
	I/C < C/I^*	E/C < C/E^***
	I/C < I/I^**	E/C < E/E^***
	C/C < C/E^*
	E/C < C/E^*
	E/C < E/E^**
	[E/C < E/E^* for boys^***]
Fear	C/C < C/E^*	n/a
	E/C < C/E^*
Sadness	I/C < I/I^**	C/C < C/E^**
	C/C < C/E^*	E/C < C/E^*
	E/C < C/E^**	E/C < E/E^**
	E/C < E/E^***
Regulation	(n = 174-176)	(n = 161-164)
Attention focusing	[C/I < C/C^† for boys^*]	C/E < C/C^***
		C/E < E/C^†
		E/E < E/C^*
Attention shifting	E/E < E/C^*	C/E < C/C^***
		C/E < E/C^**
		E/E < E/C^***
Inhibitory control	[C/E < C/C^* for boys^*]	C/E < C/C^***
		C/E < E/C^***
		E/E < E/C^***
Impulsivity	C/I < C/C^†	C/C < C/E^***
	C/I < I/C^†	C/C < C/E^*
	[C/I < C/C^† for girls^†]	E/C < E/E^*
	C/C < C/E^*
Observed regulation	(n = 167-168)	(n = 155)
Movement rating
Puzzle persistence	I/C < I/I^**

Note. Brackets represent an interaction effect. CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; TRF = Teacher's Report Form; C/C = controls at both Time 1 and Time 2; C/I = controls at Time 1, internalizers at Time 2; I/C = internalizers at Time 1, controls at Time 2; I/I = internalizers at both Time 1 and Time 2; C/E = controls at Time 1, externalizers at Time 2; E/C = externalizers at Time 1, controls at Time 2; E/E = externalizers at both Time 1 and Time 2; n/a = not applicable.

^†

p ≤ .10.

p ≤ .05.

^**

p ≤ .01.

^***

p ≤ .001.