Determination of the essential components for the tHDA reaction. A pUC19 plasmid was used as a template in conjunction with forward and reverse primers, and the amplification products were analyzed by a electrophoresis on a 2% GPG LMP agarose gel. Lane 1 is the positive control containing all of the components that are required for the mesophilic HDA reaction (1), including a DNA template, primers, helicase cofactors, helicase, MutL, SSB, and DNA polymerase as described in the Materials and Methods. From lanes 2 to 10, each component is omitted respectively: lane 2 –template; lane 3 –5′ primer; lane 4 –3′ primer; lane 5 –cofactor dATP; lane 6 –substitution of dATP with ATP; lane 7 –Tte-UvrD; lane 8 –Tte-MutL; lane 9 –Bst-SSB; lane 10 –Bst Polymerase Large Fragment. Product size is 110bp.