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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Sep 26.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2025 Mar 13;16(1):119–145. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-105929

Table 2.

Examples of engineered protein–PE interactions in the design of protein-containing micelles

Protein PE Modification parameter Application Reference
GFP ELP–prothymosin α fusiona Block length, charge density No data 64
GFPa POEGMA-b-qP4VP Isotropic charges, charged tags Intracellular delivery 128
CotA laccasea PM2VP-b-PEO Isotropic charges, charged tags No data 129
α-Chymotrypsinogen,a lysozyme,a myoglobin,a RNase Aa POEGMA-b-qP4VP Succinic anhydride supercharging No data 90
Cytochrome ca PEG–pAsp(DET) Citraconic anhydride, cis-aconitic anhydride, succinic anhydride supercharging and charge conversion Intracellular delivery 112
Immunoglobulin Ga PEG–pAsp(DET) Citraconic anhydride supercharging Intracellular delivery 130
3D6 Fab,a 6H4 Faba PEG–poly(Lys) Citraconic anhydride supercharging, disulfide cross-linking Brain delivery 131, 111
Glucose oxidase PEG-b-p(Boc-METMA)a Glutaraldehyde cross-linking Intracellular delivery 132
a

Modified components.

Abbreviations: ELP, elastin-like polypeptide; GFP, green fluorescent protein; PE, polyelectrolyte; PEG-b-p(Boc-METMA), poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[tert-butyloxy-l-methionine-(2-methacryloylethyl)ester]; PEG–pAsp(DET), poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly{N-[N ′ -(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl] aspartamide}; PEG–poly(Lys), poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lysine); PM2VP-b-PEO, poly(N-methyl 2-vinyl pyridinium)-block-poly(ethylene oxide); POEGMA-b-qP4VP, poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)-block-poly(N-methyl 4-vinyl pyridinium iodide).