Table 2.

Comparison of postoperative complication rates between the two groups

Complication	Intervention group (n = 80)	Control group (n = 80)	χ² value	p value
Nausea, n (%)	5 (6.3)	16 (20.0)	6.54	0.011
Vomiting, n (%)	3 (3.8)	10 (12.5)	4.1	0.043
Surgical site infection, n (%)	1 (1.3)	7 (8.8)	4.74	0.03
Other complications, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	—	—
Any postoperative complication, n (%)	9 (11.3)	33 (41.3)	18.62	0.031*

Note: Data are presented as number (percentage). χ² tests or Fisher’s exact tests were used, as appropriate. “Any postoperative complication” refers to the number of patients who experienced at least one postoperative complication. Because secondary outcomes were interpreted as exploratory, p values for individual complication categories should be interpreted cautiously in the context of multiple comparisons. * Bonferroni-adjusted p value