Table 2.
Comparison of alpha diversity indices among HC, IS, and stroke subtypes.
| Index | Group 1 | Group 2 | p-value | Adjusted p-value | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chao1 | Control | IS | 4.75E-10 | 4.70E-10 | **** |
| Faith_PD | Control | IS | 6.18E-07 | 6.20E-07 | **** |
| Observed_Feature | Control | IS | 3.23E-10 | 3.20E-10 | **** |
| Pielou_Evenness | Control | IS | 4.77E-06 | 4.80E-06 | **** |
| Shannon | Control | IS | 3.69E-11 | 3.70E-11 | **** |
| Simpson_E | Control | IS | 0.03688319 | 0.037 | * |
| Simpson | Control | IS | 1.22E-09 | 1.20E-09 | **** |
| Chao1 | Control | LAA | 2.30E-08 | 6.80E-08 | **** |
| Chao1 | Control | SVO | 2.30E-07 | 4.60E-07 | **** |
| Chao1 | LAA | SVO | 0.546364687 | 0.55 | ns |
| Faith_PD | Control | LAA | 1.90E-05 | 4.10E-05 | **** |
| Faith_PD | Control | SVO | 1.40E-05 | 4.10E-05 | **** |
| Faith_PD | LAA | SVO | 0.947782842 | 0.95 | ns |
| Observed_Features | Control | LAA | 1.80E-08 | 5.30E-08 | **** |
| Observed_Features | Control | SVO | 1.60E-07 | 3.30E-07 | **** |
| Observed_Features | LAA | SVO | 0.562504126 | 0.56 | ns |
| Pielou_Evenness | Control | LAA | 5.30E-04 | 0.0011 | *** |
| Pielou_Evenness | Control | SVO | 8.90E-06 | 2.70E-05 | **** |
| Pielou_Evenness | LAA | SVO | 0.501489839 | 0.5 | ns |
| Shannon | Control | LAA | 4.20E-08 | 8.30E-08 | **** |
| Shannon | Control | SVO | 2.60E-09 | 7.90E-09 | **** |
| Shannon | LAA | SVO | 0.860457035 | 0.86 | ns |
| Simpson | Control | LAA | 1.20E-06 | 2.50E-06 | **** |
| Simpson | Control | SVO | 1.50E-08 | 4.60E-08 | **** |
| Simpson | LAA | SVO | 0.666567448 | 0.67 | ns |
| Simpson_E | Control | LAA | 2.20E-01 | 0.45 | ns |
| Simpson_E | Control | SVO | 1.70E-02 | 0.051 | * |
| Simpson_E | LAA | SVO | 0.329324443 | 0.45 | ns |
Alpha diversity metrics including Chao1, Faith_PD, Observed Features, Pielou evenness, Shannon index, Simpson index, and Simpson's evenness were compared between the groups. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Adjusted p-values were calculated using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. The significance levels are indicated as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant. The healthy control (HC) vs. ischemic stroke (IS) comparisons demonstrate reduced microbial richness and diversity in the IS, ischemic stroke IS group, whereas no significant differences were observed between large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small-vessel occlusion (SVO) across most indices.