Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients
| Variables | Diagnosis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peripheral | Central | p-value | |||
| Total- n (%) | 236 (79.2) | 62 (20.8) | - | ||
| Demographics and vital signs | Age (year)- mean ± SD | 50.28 ± 16.31 | 57.97 ± 14.23 | < 0.001* | |
| Gender- n (%) | Male | 88 (68.21) | 41 (31.79) | < 0.001‡ | |
| Female | 148 (87.57) | 21 (12.43) | |||
| Diabetes Mellitus- n (%) | 36 (70.58) | 15 (29.22) | 0.096‡ | ||
| Hypertension- n (%) | 57 (70.37) | 24 (29.63) | 0.022‡ | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease- n (%) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 0.279§ | ||
| Cerebrovascular Disease- n (%) | 5 (41.66) | 7 (58.34) | 0.004§ | ||
| Chronic Kidney Failure- n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0.208§ | ||
| Chronic Heart Failure- n (%) | 2 (66.66) | 1 (33.34) | 0.505§ | ||
| Malignancy | 2 (66.66) | 1 (33.34) | 0.505§ | ||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)- mean ± SD | 135.69 ± 20.72 | 146.52 ± 22.71 | 0.001* | ||
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)- mean ± SD | 76.92 ± 13.47 | 81.84 ± 15.04 | 0.001* | ||
| Heart Rate (/min)- med (25–75%) | 86 (78–95) | 88 (78–95) | 0.663† | ||
| SpO2 (%) | 99 (97–99) | 99 (96–99) | 0.905† | ||
| Symptoms | Lightheadedness- n (%) | 123(70.28) | 52(29.72) | < 0.001‡ | |
| Nausea- n (%) | 107 (76.97) | 32 (23.03) | 0.378‡ | ||
| Vomiting- n (%) | 107 (76.97) | 32 (23.03) | 0.378‡ | ||
| Headache- n (%) | 43 (75.43) | 14 (24.57) | 0.437‡ | ||
| HINTS-Plus components | Head impulse- n (%) | Peripheral | 206 (91.96) | 18 (8.04) | < 0.001‡ |
| Central | 30 (40.54) | 44 (59.46) | |||
| Nystagmus- n (%)** | Peripheral | 230 (85.5) | 39 (14.5) | < 0.001‡ | |
| Central | 6 (20.68) | 23 (70.32) | |||
| Test of skew- n (%) | Peripheral | 219 (84.88) | 39 (15.12) | < 0.001‡ | |
| Central | 17 (42.5) | 23 (57.5) | |||
| Hearing loss- n (%) | Peripheral | 231 (79.65) | 59 (20.35) | 0.370§ | |
| Central | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | |||
| HINTS Plus test | Peripheral | 195 (94.2) | 12 (5.8) | < 0.001‡ | |
| Central | 41 (45.05) | 50 (54.95) | |||
| HINTS test | Peripheral | 198 (93.83) | 13 (6.17) | < 0.001‡ | |
| Central | 38 (43.67) | 49 (56.33) | |||
* Student T test
‡ Pearson Chi-Square test
§ Fisher’s Exact test
† Mann Whitney U test
**Peripheral: Horizontal nystagmus. Central: Vertical or rotatory nystagmus