Table 1. Participant characteristics and univariable comparisons of total Technophobia Scale scores (N=343).
|
Characteristics |
Values | Total TSa score, median (IQR) | Test statistic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 68.0 (64.0‐73.0) | N/Ab | N/A | N/A |
| Sex, n (%) | −0.983c | .33 | ||
| Male | 200 (58.3) | 25.0 (22.3‐33.0) | ||
| Female | 143 (41.7) | 25.0 (22.0‐34.0) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.377d | .95 | ||
| Never married | 9 (2.6) | 28.0 (23.0‐29.0) | ||
| Married | 288 (84) | 25.0 (22.0‐33.8) | ||
| Divorced | 9 (2.6) | 26.0 (22.5‐32.5) | ||
| Widowed | 37 (10.8) | 25.0 (20.5‐36.0) | ||
| Education, n (%) | −2.741c | .006e | ||
| High school or below | 242 (70.6) | 26.0 (23.0‐35.0) | ||
| Higher education or above | 101 (29.4) | 24.0 (21.0‐29.5) | ||
| Employment status, n (%) | 6.859d | .03e | ||
| Employed | 21 (6.1) | 28.0 (25.0‐31.0) | ||
| On sick leave or retired | 301 (87.8) | 25.0 (22.0‐33.0) | ||
| Unemployed | 21 (6.1) | 30.0 (24.0‐38.5) | ||
| Monthly per capita household income (RMBf), n (%) | 15.942d | .007e | ||
| <1000f | 23 (6.7) | 25.0 (22.0‐47.0) | ||
| 1000‐2999 | 61 (17.8) | 28.0 (23.5‐40.0) | ||
| 3000‐4999 | 118 (34.4) | 27.0 (23.0‐36.0) | ||
| 5000‐6999 | 102 (29.7) | 24.0 (21.0‐28.3) | ||
| 7000‐9999 | 26 (7.6) | 25.0 (21.8‐30.0) | ||
| ≥10,000 | 13 (3.8) | 25.0 (21.0‐31.5) | ||
| Type of medical coverage, n (%) | 5.324d | .07 | ||
| Self-pay | 17 (5) | 25.0 (23.0‐38.5) | ||
| Urban employee medical insurance | 270 (78.7) | 25.0 (22.0‐33.0) | ||
| New rural cooperative medical scheme | 56 (16.3) | 28.0 (24.3‐35.8) | ||
| Disease-related characteristics | ||||
| Barthel Index score, median (IQR) | 75.0 (50.0‐85.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Stroke subtype, n (%) | 0.307d | .86 | ||
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 61 (17.8) | 25.0 (23.0‐34.5) | ||
| Ischemic stroke | 266 (77.5) | 25.0 (22.0‐33.0) | ||
| Mixed stroke | 16 (4.7) | 24.5 (22.0‐41.0) | ||
| Duration since stroke onset (months), n (%) | 3.491d | .32 | ||
| <3 | 86 (25.1) | 27.5 (23.8‐33.0) | ||
| 3‐6 | 59 (17.2) | 25.0 (21.0‐33.0) | ||
| 7‐12 | 76 (22.1) | 24.0 (21.0‐34.8) | ||
| >12 | 122 (35.6) | 25.0 (22.0‐35.3) | ||
| Number of stroke episodes, n (%) | 7.055d | .0e3 | ||
| 1 | 246 (71.7) | 25.0 (22.0‐32.0) | ||
| 2 | 67 (19.5) | 26.0 (23.0‐34.0) | ||
| ≥3 | 30 (8.7) | 32.0 (24.0‐43.3) | ||
| Current self-rated health status, n (%) | 9.418d | .009e | ||
| Poor | 180 (52.5) | 24.0 (22.0‐32.8) | ||
| Fair | 101 (29.4) | 27.0 (23.0‐35.0) | ||
| Good | 62 (18.1) | 28.5 (23.0‐34.0) | ||
| Modified Rankin Scale score, n (%) | 9.537d | .008e | ||
| 0‐1 | 90 (26.2) | 28.0 (23.0‐33.0) | ||
| 2‐3 | 189 (55.1) | 24.0 (22.0‐32.0) | ||
| ≥4 | 64 (18.7) | 26.5 (23.0‐36.8) | ||
| Use of digital health technologies | ||||
| Intention to use digital health technologies, n (%) | −3.860c | <.001e | ||
| Yes | 275 (80.2) | 24.0 (22.0‐31.0) | ||
| No | 68 (19.8) | 32.0 (25.0‐38.0) | ||
| Frequency of digital health technology use, n (%) | 15.033d | .002e | ||
| Never | 36 (10.5) | 32.0 (24.3‐42.8) | ||
| Occasionally | 126 (36.7) | 28.0 (23.0‐35.3) | ||
| Sometimes | 144 (42) | 24.0 (21.0‐29.5) | ||
| Often | 37 (10.8) | 25.0 (23.0‐29.5) | ||
| Use of health-related mobile apps, n (%) | −1.216c | .22 | ||
| Yes | 88 (25.7) | 24.0 (21.0‐38.0) | ||
| No | 255 (74.3) | 26.0 (22.0‐33.0) | ||
| Use of health-related online media, n (%) | −3.677c | <.001e | ||
| Yes | 167 (48.7) | 24.0 (22.0‐29.0) | ||
| No | 176 (51.3) | 28.0 (23.0‐37.8) | ||
| Use of home health management devices, n (%) | −3.292c | <.001e | ||
| Yes | 198 (57.7) | 27.5 (23.0‐35.3) | ||
| No | 145 (42.3) | 24.0 (22.0‐29.0) | ||
a
TS: Technophobia Scale.
b
Not applicable.
c
Z statistic (Mann-Whitney U test).
d
H statistic (Kruskal-Wallis H test).
e
Statistically significant (P<.05).
f
RMB: Renminbi (Chinese yuan); RMB 1=US $0.14 as of January 29, 2026.