Table 1.

Demographic, clinical, and provider characteristics of patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer initially managed with observation.

	Diagnosis Period 2004–2009			Diagnosis Period 2010–2014			P for χ2
	n	%		n	%
Total	2156			8483
Risk group
Low	334	15		4505	53		<0.001
Intermediate	1822	85		3978	47
Age at diagnosis (years)
66–69	359	17		2592	31		<0.001
70–74	556	26		2884	34
75–79	558	26		1912	23
80–84	490	23		797	9.4
≥85	193	9.0		298	3.5
Race
Non-Hispanic white	1708	79		6895	81		<0.001
Black	236	11		759	8.9
Hispanic	115	5.3		377	4.4
Asian	71	3.3		225	2.7
Other	26	1.2		227	2.7
Marital status
Married	1209	56		5203	61		<0.001
Unmarried	449	21		1436	17
Unknown	498	23		1844	22
Elixhauser Index
0	1188	55		4607	54		0.80
1–2	767	36		3075	36
≥3	201	9.3		801	9.4
Frail
No	1927	89		7724	91		0.017
Yes	229	11		759	8.9
Flu shot
No	1183	55		4088	48		<0.001
Yes	973	45		4395	52
Medicaid enroll
No	1993	92		7932	94		0.08
Yes	163	7.6		551	6.5
Census tract poverty (%)
0 -<5	630	29		2238	26		0.023
5 -<10	588	27		2382	28
10 -<20	552	26		2382	28
20 −100	386	18		>1470	>17
Unknown	0	0.0		<11	<0.1
SEER region
Northeast	451	21		1686	20		<0.001
Midwest	264	12		954	11
South	455	21		2163	25
West	986	46		3680	43
Metro
Metro	1839	85		7263	86		0.71
Non-metro	317	15		1220	14
Annual provider volume of patients with prostate cancer
0–5	463	21		2491	29		<0.001
6–10	631	29		2846	34
11+	1062	49		3146	37

Note: Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.