TABLE 2.
Performance of radiomics models based on individual sequences and the Combined model for predicting Ki-67 expression in glioblastoma.
| Dataset | Sequence | AUC (95% CI) | Accuracy (95% CI) | Precision (95% CI) | Recall (95% CI) | F1 score (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | Brier score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training (n = 188) | T1 | 0.771 [0.696–0.845] | 0.676 [0.610–0.740] | 0.390 [0.320–0.460] | 0.744 [0.610–0.870] | 0.512 [0.440–0.580] | 0.744 [0.610–0.870] | 0.655 [0.580–0.730] | 0.390 [0.280–0.500] | 0.896 [0.840–0.950] | 0.235 |
| T2 | 0.773 [0.691–0.855] | 0.755 [0.690–0.820] | 0.467 [0.400–0.540] | 0.488 [0.340–0.640] | 0.477 [0.410–0.550] | 0.488 [0.340–0.640] | 0.834 [0.770–0.890] | 0.467 [0.320–0.610] | 0.846 [0.790–0.910] | 0.219 | |
| FLAIR | 0.815 [0.742–0.887] | 0.654 [0.590–0.720] | 0.380 [0.310–0.450] | 0.814 [0.760–0.870] | 0.519 [0.450–0.590] | 0.814 [0.700–0.930] | 0.607 [0.530–0.690] | 0.380 [0.280–0.480] | 0.917 [0.860–0.970] | 0.156 | |
| CET1 | 0.766 [0.694–0.839] | 0.766 [0.710–0.830] | 0.486 [0.410–0.560] | 0.395 [0.330–0.470] | 0.436 [0.370–0.510] | 0.395 [0.250–0.540] | 0.876 [0.820–0.930] | 0.486 [0.320–0.650] | 0.830 [0.770–0.890] | 0.236 | |
| Combined | 0.915 [0.874–0.956] | 0.771 [0.710–0.830] | 0.500 [0.430–0.570] | 0.930 [0.890–0.970] | 0.650 [0.580–0.720] | 0.930 [0.850–1] | 0.724 [0.650–0.800] | 0.500 [0.390–0.610] | 0.972 [0.940–1] | 0.161 | |
| Validation (n = 81) | T1 | 0.673 [0.527–0.818] | 0.605 [0.500–0.710] | 0.306 [0.210–0.410] | 0.611 [0.390–0.840] | 0.407 [0.300–0.510] | 0.611 [0.390–0.840] | 0.603 [0.480–0.720] | 0.306 [0.160–0.460] | 0.844 [0.740–0.950] | 0.275 |
| T2 | 0.623 [0.470–0.776] | 0.654 [0.550–0.760] | 0.273 [0.180–0.370] | 0.333 [0.120–0.550] | 0.300 [0.200–0.400] | 0.333 [0.120–0.550] | 0.746 [0.640–0.850] | 0.273 [0.090–0.460] | 0.797 [0.690–0.900] | 0.327 | |
| FLAIR | 0.713 [0.574–0.853] | 0.654 [0.550–0.760] | 0.361 [0.260–0.470] | 0.722 [0.620–0.820] | 0.481 [0.370–0.590] | 0.722 [0.520–0.930] | 0.635 [0.520–0.750] | 0.361 [0.200–0.520] | 0.889 [0.800–0.980] | 0.159 | |
| CET1 | 0.499 [0.337–0.662] | 0.704 [0.600–0.800] | 0.333 [0.230–0.440] | 0.333 [0.230–0.440] | 0.333 [0.230–0.440] | 0.333 [0.120–0.550] | 0.810 [0.710–0.910] | 0.333 [0.120–0.550] | 0.810 [0.710–0.910] | 0.348 | |
| Combined | 0.746 [0.614–0.879] | 0.654 [0.550–0.760] | 0.361 [0.260–0.470] | 0.722 [0.620–0.820] | 0.481 [0.370–0.590] | 0.722 [0.520–0.930] | 0.635 [0.520–0.750] | 0.361 [0.200–0.520] | 0.889 [0.800–0.980] | 0.179 |