Vero cells were transfected for each experiment in triplicate with pCi-IBV-N (black), pHis-IBV-N (dark gray), pCi-Neo (medium gray), or mock transfected (light gray) and then incubated for 72 h, and the number of cells was determined in a Coulter counter. The means and standard deviations (indicated by the error bars) for each triplicate (labeled Exp1 and Exp2) are shown separately. ∗, P < 0.05 compared to mock-transfected cells, analysis of variance, and Bonferonni t test.