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. 2026 Jun 25;3(9):780–792. doi: 10.1021/cbe.6c00044

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(a) Free energy diagrams of NO3 –/NO2 –→ NH3 on CuRu0.5; (b) free energy diagrams of NO3 → NH3 on CuRu0.5 and Cu; (c) mechanism of plasma-fixed N2/O2 coupled CuRu nanoalloy electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia. (d) PDOS of Cu/Ru for CuRu0.5 and Cu. (d) for Cu; (e) differential charge densities of the NO3/NO2 adsorption on CuRu0.5 and Cu; (f) contour diagram of specific energy consumption corresponding to different energy inputs of NTP and ERR in this NTP-ERR system. (g) Specific energy consumption and ammonia synthesis performance of NTP-ERR system compared with the recent research progress in the fields of ENRR, Li-NRR, plasma NRR, and plasma-assisted ENRR for one-step NH3 synthesis.