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. 2026 Jun 29;26:1834. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-09049-0

Table 2.

Mean difference test between the OHLI-P scores of mothers in the Instagram education group & digital flipbook

Questionnaire n Mean ± SD P value
Education Via Instagram
 OHLI-P (word recognition) pretest scores 30 9.37 ± 3.681 < 0.001*
 OHLI-P (word recognition) post test scores 30 12.47 ± 3.246
 OHLI-P (vocabulary) pretest scores 30 12.27 ± 3.279 < 0.001*
 OHLI-P (vocabulary) post test scores 30 14.18 ± 1.637
 OHLI-P (comprehension) pretest scores 30 30.48 ± 2.881 < 0.001*
 OHLI-P (comprehension) post test scores 30 32.46 ± 2.535
Education via Digital Flipbook
 OHLI-P (word recognition) pretest scores 33 8.42 ± 3.446 < 0.001*
 OHLI-P (word recognition) post test scores 33 13.09 ± 2.269
 OHLI-P (vocabulary) pretest scores 33 11.98 ± 3,303 0.001*
 OHLI-P (vocabulary) post test scores 33 14.21 ± 1.976
 OHLI-P (comprehension) pretest scores 33 29.84 ± 2.578 < 0.001*
 OHLI-P (comprehension) post test scores 33 33.06 ± 1.5499

Wilcoxon Test