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. 2026 Jun 29;26:1834. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-09049-0

Table 3.

Mean difference test in total post-test scores between the Instagram education group and digital flipbook

Post test n Mean ± SD P value
KAP scores via Instagram education 30 19.93 ± 1,929 0.341
KAP scores via digital flipbook education 33 20.06 ± 3.051
OHLI-P (word recognition) scores via Instagram education 30 12.47 ± 2.269 1.000
OHLI-P (word recognition) scores via digital flipbook education 33 13.09 ± 2.269
OHLI-P (vocabulary) scores via Instagram education 30 14.18 ± 1.637 0.798
OHLI-P (vocabulary) scores via digital flipbook education 33 14.21 ± 1.976
OHLI-P (comprehension) via Instagram education 30 32.46 ± 2.535 0.769
OHLI-P (comprehension) via digital flipbook education 33 33.06 ± 1.549

Mann Whitney-U Test