Table 1.
Characteristics of Zimbabwean newborns by HIV status of the mother and her infant.
| HIV status group | ||||
| Nn (n = 136) | Pn (n = 324) | Pp (n = 99) | P-value* | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/L†, ‡ | 122 (17)a | 113 (18)b | 110 (19)b | <0.001 |
| >110, % | 78.8 | 60.6 | 53.2 | |
| 90–110, % | 18.9 | 29.8 | 35.1 | |
| <90, % | 2.2 | 9.6 | 11.7 | <0.001 |
| CD4+ lymphocyte count, cells/μL | ||||
| ≥400 | ------- | 40.7 | 34.3 | |
| 200–400 | 33.6 | 29.2 | ||
| <200 | 12.3 | 26.2 | <0.01 | |
| Age, y | 23 (5)a | 26 (5)b | 25 (5)b | <0.0001 |
| Parity | 1.9 (1.2)a | 2.4 (1.3)b | 2.3 (1.3)b | <0.001 |
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Sex, % female | 48.5 | 47.5 | 50.5 | 0.87 |
| Birthweight, g | 2917 (454)a | 2969 (464)a | 2830 (462)b | 0.030 |
| <2500 g, % | 19.2 | 14.9 | 24.2 | 0.089 |
| Gestational age, wk | 39.0 (1.4) | 39.1 (1.4) | 39.0 (1.6) | 0.46 |
| <38 wk gestation, % | 18.4 | 17.9 | 21.9 | 0.68 |
| Length, cm | 48.7 (2.7)a | 49.0 (2.7)a | 48.1 (2.9)b | 0.022 |
| Head circumference, cm | 34.3 (1.6) | 34.2 (1.5) | 33.8 (1.8) | 0.079 |
Abbreviations: Nn, mother HIV negative, baby HIV negative; Pn, mother HIV positive, baby HIV negative at 6 months; Pp, mother HIV positive, baby HIV positive at 6 weeks.
a,b Means in a row without a common letter differ, P < 0.05, Bonferroni multiple-comparison test.
* From analysis of variance for continuous variables and χ2-test for categorical variables.
† Values are mean (SD) or %.
‡ Variables (n) with missing data include maternal hemoglobin (21), CD4+ lymphocyte count (53), maternal age (1), parity (0), birthweight (3), gestational age (9), length (1), and head circumference (1).