Table 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of Participants

Older adults	Inclusion criteria
	① Age ≥60 years. ② From elderly care institutions, community, or hospital settings. ③ Sarcopenia status was assessed according to the 2019 criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019),23 and older adults with and without sarcopenia were eligible for inclusion. ④Alert, with basic verbal expression and communication ability, able to cooperate in completing the interview. ⑤ Provided informed consent and voluntarily participated in this study.
	Exclusion criteria
	① Critically ill or in excessively poor physical condition, unsuitable for being interviewed. ② Withdrew from the interview midway.
Staff	Inclusion criteria
	① Engaged in elderly care, medical care, nutrition, rehabilitation, nursing, public health or management work related to the elderly from nursing institutions, communities or hospital settings. ②Work experience ≥1 year, familiar with the service recipients and work procedures of the position. ③ Good communication skills, able to clearly articulate personal observations and work experience. ④ Provided informed consent and voluntarily participated in this study.
	Exclusion criteria
	①Unable to complete the interview due to work arrangements, physical condition, or other reasons. ② Had no actual contact with older adults’ dietary management. ③ Withdrew from the interview midway.