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. 2026 Sep 15;17:1961230. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1961230

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Copyright © 2026 Guo, Lin, Dong, Huang, Hu, Li, Tan and Shu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar chart with two panels labeled A and B comparing wild type (WT) and aas genotypes. Panel A shows NAS content with WT significantly higher (1.68 ng/g FW) than aas (0.24 ng/g FW), denoted by double asterisks. Panel B shows melatonin content with WT at 0.06 ng/g FW and aas undetectable, marked by triple asterisks. Error bars indicate standard deviation. — Metabolite accumulation in wild-type and aas mutant plants. (A) Quantification of N-acetylserotonin levels in wild-type (WT) and aas mutants under normal growth conditions. (B) Quantification of melatonin levels in wild-type (WT) and aas mutants under normal growth conditions. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4 independent biological replicates).