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. 2026 Sep 15;17:1961230. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1961230

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Copyright © 2026 Guo, Lin, Dong, Huang, Hu, Li, Tan and Shu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram comparing two serotonin biosynthesis pathways in Arabidopsis: a classic plant tryptamine-dependent route and an animal-like 5-HTP-to-serotonin path mediated by AtAAS, both converging at serotonin for downstream melatonin-related metabolism. — Working model of serotonin biosynthesis and downstream metabolism in Arabidopsis.