Table 4.
Characteristics and key findings of different in-vitro trials using inorganic nanocarrier systems
| AMPs n = 14 |
Nanocarriers | Target Pathogens | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daptomycin | Mesoporous titania | P. A | Enhancing the loading capacity, antimicrobial activity, stability, and selectivity [173] |
| Polymyxin B | Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Gram-negative pathogens | Stronger synergy and higher antimicrobial effect, with no cytotoxic effects [137] |
| Esculentin-1a | Gold nanocarriers | P. A | Enhanced antipseudomonal activity up to 15-fold without being toxic to human cells, and increased the peptide’s re-epithelialization activity [174] |
| koreensis DC4 strain, | Gold-silver nanocarriers | E.C | Silver nanoparticles have enhanced antimicrobial activity, while gold nanoparticles show catalytic activity [175] |
| 1018K6 peptide | Gold nanocarriers | S. typhi | Enhanced bacterial killing at sub-micromolar concentrations [176] |
| LL37 | Gold nanoparticle | Gram-negative pathogens | Enhanced antibacterial effects with less cytotoxicity & better angiogenic activity [75] |
| Esculentin-1a, Esc | Gold nanoparticle | P. A | Covalent conjugation of Esc to soluble AuNPs via PEG linker increased antimicrobial activity by 15-fold & promoted wound healing on a keratinocyte monolayer [174] |
| Nisin | Silver nanocarriers | E. faecalis | Enhance antimicrobial and catalytic activity [177] |
| Andersonin-Y1, CAY1, AY1C | Silver nanocarriers |
A.B, E.C P. A, S. typhi |
Increased bactericidal activity. MD simulations demonstrated pore formation within membrane bilayers, mediated via a hydrophobic collapse mechanism [46] |
| Nisin | Silver nanoparticles |
E.C., K.P P. A, S. typhi |
AgNPs with nisin inhibited gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, a wound dressing with antimicrobial activity may be developed [178] |
| KYE21 & WWWKYE21 | Titanium dioxide nanoparticle | E.C | Bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-like membrane attachment using peptide-enhanced antibacterial effects with selective toxicity [179] |
| LL-37 | Titanium dioxide nanoparticle | E.C | Higher membrane attachment ability to anionic membranes compared to mammalian [180] |
| AS-48 | Biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles |
A.B, E.C P. A |
Enhanced growth inhibition effects [181] |
| Ib-M2 | Iron oxide nanoparticle coated with chitosan | E.C | Enhanced growth inhibition effects [42] |
A. B Acinetobacter baumannii, E.C Escherichia coli, E. faecalis Enterococcus faecalis, K. P Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. typhi Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi