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. 2026 Sep 15;14:1853253. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1853253

Table 2.

Coefficients from the primary interrupted time series model.

Term Estimate (β) Std. Error p-value Interpretation
(Intercept) 593.0 39.1 <0.001 Baseline level (2018 Q1)
Time 61.7 7.6 <0.001 Pre-intervention trend per quarter
Intervention1 (2020 Q4) 2,317.4 631.8 0.001 Immediate level change post-EUA
Time: Intervention1 −119.5 24.2 <0.001 Change in trend post-EUA

Results from the primary segmented linear regression model. Newey-West standard errors (lag = 3) were used to account for autocorrelation. R2 = 0.48. EUA = Emergency Use Authorization. Significance codes: ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05.