Table 1. Basic profile of participants' characteristics.
| Variables | All (n = 174) | Non-MS (n = 142) | MS (n = 32) | P |
|
aCategorical variables are expressed as frequencies (percentages) and compared using the chi-square test. bNon-normally distributed variables are presented as median (minimum–maximum) and compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. cNormally distributed variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using the independent-samples t-test. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MS, metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index; TyG-UA index, triglyceride-glucose-uric acid index; UA, uric acid; WC, waist circumference. | ||||
| Sex, male [n (%)] | 86 (49.50) | 66 (46.50) | 20 (62.50) | 0.102a |
| Age (years) | 30.50 (20.00–40.00) | 30.00 (20.00–39.00) | 31.50 (22.00–40.00) | 0.545b |
| Body weight (kg) | 69.91 ± 15.05 | 66.64 ± 12.67 | 84.45 ± 16.33 | < 0.001c |
| Height (m) | 1.62 ± 0.08 | 1.61 ± 0.08 | 1.65 ± 0.09 | 0.037c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.51 (16.98–47.61) | 24.30 (16.98–40.43) | 29.94 (22.64–47.61) | < 0.001b |
| WC (cm) | 85.93 ± 11.91 | 83.10 ± 10.45 | 98.50 ± 9.76 | < 0.001c |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 (80–150) | 120 (80–150) | 130 (110–150) | < 0.001b |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 (50–100) | 80 (50–100) | 80 (70–100) | 0.001b |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.98 ± 36.51 | 188.58 ± 33.58 | 218.50 ± 39.46 | < 0.001c |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 115.60 (46.30–185.00) | 111.47 (46.30–181.00) | 143.50 (65.00–185.00) | < 0.001b |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 44.00 (21.83–76.00) | 45.00 (21.83–76.00) | 37.00 (26.00–49.30) | < 0.001b |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 108.44 ± 38.33 | 99.97 ± 31.99 | 146.03 ± 41.90 | < 0.001c |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 80.75 (56.50–119.80) | 80.75 (56.50–112.80) | 80.35 (60.00–119.80) | 0.575b |
| Insulin (mIU/L) | 10.88 (2.59–62.77) | 9.87 (2.59–62.77) | 16.40 (6.13–35.59) | < 0.001b |
| UA (mg/dL) | 5.07 (2.04–10.86) | 4.96 (2.04–10.86) | 6.16 (3.56–9.70) | < 0.001b |
| HOMA-IR (unit) | 2.09 (0.39–16.77) | 1.85 (0.39–16.77) | 3.48 (0.91–8.84) | < 0.001b |
| TyG index (unit) | 8.28 ± 0.39 | 8.20 ± 0.35 | 8.62 ± 0.38 | < 0.001c |
| TyG-UA index (unit) | 9.48 ± 0.56 | 9.36 ± 0.50 | 10.06 ± 0.47 | < 0.001c |