Table 1. General characteristics of the study population.

Characteristics	Control group (n = 63)	T2DM (n = 61)	P
Continuous data are presented as median and interquartile range, while categorical data are presented as number and percentage. Continuous data were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, and categorical data using the chi-square test.Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Age (years)	49 (39–64)	62 (54–69)	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	25.4 (23.0–27.0)	27.0 (25.7–30.9)	< 0.001
Male [n (%)]	22 (34.9)	40 (65.6)	0.001
Smoking status [n (%)]	21 (33.3)	10 (16.4)	0.122
Physical activity [n (%)]	23 (36.5)	30 (49.2)	0.251