Functional assays with HeLa cells to map inhibitory sequences in the HPV-31 late gene 3′ UTR. (A) Diagram of the plasmid constructs used in transfection experiments. Box with diamonds, HSV-2 IE gene promoter; open box, CAT reporter gene; stippled box, HPV-31 L1/late gene 3′ UTR sequences; arrowhead, late poly(A) site; P, PstI restriction site; H, HindIII restriction site; hatched box, NLE; grey box, late poly(A) signal and CstF-64 binding site. (B) Bar chart of CAT activity in HeLa cells for HPV-31 constructs containing 5′ or 3′ deletions assayed in the presence of [3H]chloramphenicol. Values are means plus standard deviations of duplicate transfections from three separate experiments.