Figure 6. Phylogenetic tree of selected α-pore-forming toxins from various species.

MakA (green) and MakE (magenta) cluster as sister paralogs, whereas MakB (cyan) forms a more basal branch, consistent with sequential gene duplication. MakA, MakB, and MakE form a distinct lineage within the α-pore-forming toxin superfamily and do not show a one-to-one orthologous relationship with other toxin families.