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. 2026 Sep 16;6:1929035. doi: 10.3389/fddev.2026.1929035

FIGURE 3.

Infographic illustrating a four-step pathway for myocardial redox-targeted therapy: myocardial tissue with reactive oxygen species in redox context; reactive oxygen species-responsive drug activation mechanisms; intracellular trafficking, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and controlled release; precision therapeutic targets including myocardium, cardiomyocyte mitochondria, inflammatory macrophages, vascular endothelium, and activated fibroblasts.

Hierarchical design and mechanism of ROS-interacting biomaterials in MIRI and post-infarction remodeling. The figure distinguishes the primary material or therapeutic interaction - ROS-triggered cleavage or release, direct scavenging, catalytic detoxification, oxygen or gas regulation, or biological redox-pathway modulation - from subsequent biological responses. Proximal responses include mitochondrial stabilization and regulation of apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, or cuproptosis; inflammatory and immunometabolic changes may occur downstream or as independently targeted mechanisms; and angiogenesis, fibrosis, ventricular remodeling, and cardiac-function preservation represent later tissue-level outcomes. Tissue-, cell-, and organelle-targeting strategies are shown as an orthogonal precision layer (Prepared with the assistance of Gemini NotebookLM pro and OpenAI ChatGPT Plus).