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. 2026 Sep 16;16:1891664. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1891664

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Copyright © 2026 Yang, Huang, Luo and Peng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two line charts compare net benefit versus threshold probability for different prediction models and reference strategies in derivation and external validation cohorts. Colored lines represent 7-variable model, logLDAR alone, APACHE II, SOFA, and SAPS II, while dashed and dotted black lines indicate treat all and treat none strategies, respectively. Net benefit decreases as threshold probability increases, with the 7-variable model generally performing best in both cohorts shown in panels A and B. — Decision curve analysis comparing net benefit of the 7-variable model, logLDAR alone, and conventional severity scores (APACHE II, SOFA, SAPS II) in (A) the derivation cohort and (B) the external validation cohort across a range of threshold probabilities.