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. 2026 Sep 16;13:1953997. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1953997

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© 2026 Zhu, Wang, Ren, Liao, Liu, Qu and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two line charts compare net benefit versus high risk threshold for conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and combined models in cross-validation (panel A) and independent testing (panel B), showing combined models generally achieving higher net benefit across thresholds. — Decision curve analysis of different radiomics models: decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical utility of the conventional ultrasound radiomics model, CEUS radiomics model, and combined conventional ultrasound plus CEUS radiomics model in the training/cross-validation set and independent test set. The x-axis represents the threshold probability, and the y-axis represents the net benefit. The “All” and “None” curves represent the strategies of treating all patients and treating no patients, respectively. CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound.