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. 2026 Sep 16;16:1901038. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1901038

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Copyright © 2026 Zhang, Han, Wang, Han, Zhang, Zhao, Liu and Chi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two Kaplan-Meier charts present survival and hazard functions by side over 24 months of follow-up. The left panel shows cumulative survival decreasing over time, with both censored and uncensored groups for left and right sides. The right panel shows cumulative hazard increasing over time for each group. Both charts differentiate left, right, left-censored, and right-censored groups with distinct lines. — (A) Kaplan-Meier curves for early ECG abnormality-free survival following radiotherapy in left-sided versus right-sided breast cancer patients. (B) Cumulative hazard function curves demonstrating a persistently higher risk of ECG abnormality surrogates in left-sided patients.