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. 2026 Sep 16;14:1929744. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1929744

TABLE 2.

Overview of engineering strategies and their indicated influence on small peptide production.

Target peptide Signal sequence Strain engineering Relative densitometric quantification Absolute quantification via MS
3×FLAG Ost1pre WT ∼100% ​
​ Ost1pre P HHX1 -SEC61 ∼200% ​
​ Ost1pre P HHX1 -SEC62 ∼100% ​
​ Ost1pre P HHX1 -SEC63 <100% ​
​ Ost1pre P HHX1 -KAR2 <100% ​
​ Ost1pre SEC62-P HHX1 -SEC61 ∼200% ​
​ MFαpre-Ost1pre WT ∼800% ​
​ Ost1pre-Scw10pro WT ∼1600% ​
​ Ost1pre aqr1Δ ∼600% ​
​ Ost1pre fms1-2Δ ∼600% ​
​ Ost1pre skg3Δ ∼500% ​
​ Ost1pre tCDC48 ∼900% 0.8 mg/L
dQ-brazzein Ost1pre WT ∼100% ​
​ Ost1pre aqr1Δ ∼200% ​
​ Ost1pre fms1-2Δ ∼200% 140 mg/L
​ Ost1pre skg3Δ ∼200% ​
​ Ost1pre tCDC48 ∼100% ​
Linker-sCT Ost1pre-Scw10pro WT ∼100% ​
​ Ost1pre-Scw10pro aqr1Δ ∼200% ​
​ Ost1pre-Scw10pro fms1-2Δ ∼200% ​
​ Ost1pre-Scw10pro tCDC48 ∼300% ​
Linker-α-MSH Ost1pre-Scw10pro WT ∼100% ​
​ Ost1pre-Scw10pro aqr1Δ ∼200% ​
​ Ost1pre-Scw10pro fms1-2Δ ∼200% 0.2 μg/L
​ Ost1pre-Scw10pro tCDC48 ∼100% ​

Relative quantification is shown relative to the respective parental production strain, together with absolute quantification by HPLC–MS for the best-performing strain of each peptide. Relative quantification of dQ-brazzein was based on Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE and densitometric analysis of two biological replicates ( n=2 ). The remaining peptides were analyzed by immunoblotting using two biological replicates ( n=2 ).