Table 2. Static functional connectivity differences following left- and right-ear auditory stimulation.
| Panels | Stimulation | Frequency band | Connection | Hemisphere | t | Cohen's d | Adjusted P |
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The listed connections represent the subset illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, with higher connectivity in patients with migraine than in healthy controls. Statistics were obtained over the 0–200-ms post-stimulus interval using two-sided independent-samples equal-variance t-tests (30 participants per group; df = 58). P values are Bonferroni-adjusted across 31892 tests separately for each stimulation condition. Each undirected connection is listed once per frequency band and stimulation side. Cohen's d was calculated from unrounded t statistics as d = t × √(1/n1 + 1/n2), where n1 = n2 = 30. Interhemispheric connections link the left and right hemispheres; left and right intrahemispheric connections link regions within the corresponding hemisphere. Region labels follow the Desikan–Killiany atlas. L, left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere. | |||||||
| 1A | Left ear | Low-gamma (30–59 Hz) | Isthmuscingulate R–rostralmiddlefrontal L | Interhemispheric | 5.67 | 1.46 | 0.01490 |
| 1B | Left ear | High-gamma (60–89 Hz) | Bankssts R–posteriorcingulate L | Interhemispheric | 5.63 | 1.45 | 0.01755 |
| 1B | Left ear | High-gamma (60–89 Hz) | Isthmuscingulate R–parsorbitalis L | Interhemispheric | 5.46 | 1.41 | 0.03257 |
| 2A | Right ear | Low-gamma (30–59 Hz) | Insula L–isthmuscingulate R | Interhemispheric | 5.53 | 1.43 | 0.02509 |
| 2A | Right ear | Low-gamma (30–59 Hz) | Insula L–paracentral R | Interhemispheric | 5.70 | 1.47 | 0.01371 |
| 2A | Right ear | Low-gamma (30–59 Hz) | Isthmuscingulate R–medialorbitofrontal R | Right intrahemispheric | 5.53 | 1.43 | 0.02567 |
| 2B | Right ear | High-gamma (60–89 Hz) | Bankssts L–isthmuscingulate R | Interhemispheric | 5.41 | 1.40 | 0.04001 |
| 2B | Right ear | High-gamma (60–89 Hz) | Insula L–parsorbitalis L | Left intrahemispheric | 5.50 | 1.42 | 0.02872 |
| 2B | Right ear | High-gamma (60–89 Hz) | Isthmuscingulate R–parsorbitalis L | Interhemispheric | 5.53 | 1.43 | 0.02531 |
| 2B | Right ear | High-gamma (60–89 Hz) | Isthmuscingulate R–superiortemporal L | Interhemispheric | 5.41 | 1.40 | 0.03984 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Caudalanteriorcingulate L–fusiform L | Left intrahemispheric | 5.50 | 1.42 | 0.02900 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Caudalanteriorcingulate L–isthmuscingulate L | Left intrahemispheric | 5.49 | 1.42 | 0.02928 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Caudalanteriorcingulate L–isthmuscingulate R | Interhemispheric | 5.54 | 1.43 | 0.02467 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Caudalanteriorcingulate L–parahippocampal L | Left intrahemispheric | 5.68 | 1.47 | 0.01476 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Cuneus R–posteriorcingulate L | Interhemispheric | 5.66 | 1.46 | 0.01568 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Isthmuscingulate R–parahippocampal L | Interhemispheric | 5.59 | 1.44 | 0.02072 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Isthmuscingulate R–rostralmiddlefrontal L | Interhemispheric | 5.58 | 1.44 | 0.02088 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Lateralorbitofrontal L–posteriorcingulate L | Left intrahemispheric | 5.72 | 1.48 | 0.01251 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Medialorbitofrontal L–posteriorcingulate L | Left intrahemispheric | 5.74 | 1.48 | 0.01146 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Medialorbitofrontal L–posteriorcingulate R | Interhemispheric | 5.44 | 1.40 | 0.03586 |
| 2C | Right ear | Ripple (90–120 Hz) | Posteriorcingulate L–rostralanteriorcingulate L | Left intrahemispheric | 5.52 | 1.43 | 0.02650 |