Table 1.
Characteristics of 297 Women With HIV (WWH) stratified according to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) diagnosis
| Variables | WWH without MetS (N = 217) | WWH with MetS (N = 80) | Total (N = 297) | p-value§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non Italian Nationality, n (%) | 26 (12) | 11 (14) | 37 (12) | 0.68 |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 56 (49–60) | 60 (54–65) | 56 (50–61) | < 0.001 |
| < 40 years, n (%) | 28 (13) | 5 (6) | 33 (11) | < 0.001 |
| 40–49 years, n% | 27 /12) | 3 (4) | 30 (10) | |
| 50–59 years, n (%) | 107 (49) | 30 (37) | 137 (46) | |
| ≥ 60 years, n (%) | 55 (25) | 42 (52) | 97 (33) | |
| HIV transmission route, n (%) | ||||
| Heterosexual contact | 128 (59) | 40 (50) | 168 (56) | 0.26 |
| PWID | 9 (4) | 7 (9) | 16 (5) | |
| Blood products | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 4 (1) | |
| Vertical | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (1) | |
| Unknown | 73 (34) | 32 (40) | 105 (35) | |
| HBsAg positive, n (%) | 8 (4) | 3 (4) | 11 (4) | 0.99 |
| HCV-Ab positive, n (%) | 29 (13) | 14 (18) | 43 (15) | 0.39 |
| CD4 nadir, cells/mL, median (IQR) | 193 (107–289) | 119 (70–123) | 183 (90–274) | 0.003 |
| CD4 nadir < 200 cells/mL, median (IQR) | 109 (53) | 50 (68) | 159 (57) | 0.035 |
| HIV RNA zenith, cp/mL, median (IQR) |
81,500 (21,750–285,000) |
88,000 (17,000–287,000) |
86,000 (21,000–310,000) |
0.75 |
| AIDS-defining conditions at baseline, n (%) | 32 (15) | 18 (23) | 50 (17) | 0.11 |
| History of HIV infection, years, median (IQR) | 22 (14–31) | 27 (21–33) | 25 (15–32) | 0.006 |
| ≥ 10 years, n (%) | 188 (87) | 74 (92) | 262 (88) | 0.16 |
| History of ART, years, median (IQR) | 20 (12–27) | 25 (20–28) | 22 (13–28) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 10 years, n (%) | 173 (809) | 71 (89) | 244 (82) | 0.07 |
| Undetectable, n (%) | 172 (79) | 65 (81) | 237 (80) | 0.70 |
| Current ART regimen, n (%) | 0.60 | |||
| 2 NRTI + NNRTI | 38 (17) | 18 (22) | 56 (19) | |
| 2 NRTI + PI | 6 (3) | 6 (7) | 12 (4) | |
| 2 NRTI + INSTI | 71 (34) | 27 (34) | 98 (33) | |
| NRTI + INSTI | 50 (23) | 13 (16) | 63 (21) | |
| NNRTI + INSTI | 42 (19) | 11 (14) | 53 (18) | |
| Other | 10 (5) | 5 (6) | 15 (5) | |
| Currently on STR, n (%) | 176 (81) | 65 (81) | 241 (81) | 0.98 |
| Currently on LA ART regimen, n (%) | 10 (5) | 0 (0) | 10 (3) | 0.05 |
| Currently on 2DR, n (%) | 100 (46) | 29 (36) | 129 (43) | 0.13 |
| Currently on TAF-based regimens, n (%) | 87 (40) | 38 (47) | 60 (20) | 0.25 |
| Currently on TDF-based regimens, n (%) | 26 (12) | 12 (15) | 38 (12) | 0.49 |
| History of TAF, n (%) | 149 (70) | 77 (52) | 206 (70) | 0.60 |
| Duration of TAF use, years, median (IQR) | 3 (0–6) | 4 (0–7) | 4 (0–7) | 0.23 |
| ≥ 5 years, n (%) | 74 (34) | 33 (41) | 107 (36) | 0.25 |
| History of PI, n (%) | 142 (67) | 60 (76) | 202 (70) | 0.009 |
| Duration of PI use, years, median (IQR) | 3 (0–9) | 7 (0–14) | 4 (0–12) | 0.008 |
| ≥ 5 years, n (%) | 130 (62) | 32 (43) | 162 (57) | 0.005 |
| ≥ 10 years, n (%) | 54 (25) | 33 (41) | 97 (29) | 0.006 |
| History of INSTI, n (%) | 169 (78) | 57 (61) | 226 (76) | 0.23 |
| Duration of INSTI use, years, median (IQR) | 6 (2–9) | 7 (3–9) | 6 (2–9) | 0.44 |
| ≥ 5 years, n (%) | 112 (52) | 42 (54) | 154 (53) | 0.79 |
| ≥ 10 years, n (%) | 27 (13) | 16 (21) | 43 (15) | 0.009 |
§Chi-square Test/Mann–Whitney U-test as appropriate
IQR: Inter Quartile Range, WWH: Women With HIV, MetS: Metabolic Syndrome, HIV: Human Immunodeficency Virus, PWID: People Who Injected Drugs, HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus Surface Antigen, HCVAb: Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies, AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, ART: Antiretroviral Therapy, NRTI: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, LA ART: Long Acting Antiretroviral Therapy, STR: Single Tablet Regimen, TAF: Tenofovir Alafenamide, TDF: Tenofovir Disoproxil, 2DR: Two Drug Regimen, PI: Protease Inhibitors, INSTI: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors