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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2026 Apr 1;212(4):768–777. doi: 10.1093/ajrccm/aamag006

Table 1.

Baseline patient characteristics and 3-year transplant-free survival between discovery and validation cohorts.

Characteristic Discovery Validation
N = 676 N = 585
Age (years) 63 (±13) 63 (±12)
Diagnosis
 CTD-ILD 310 (46%) 240 (41%)
 fHP 197 (29%) 140 (24%)
 IIP 169 (25%) 205 (35%)
Sex (female) 415 (61%) 320 (55%)
Race/Ethnicity
 White 474 (70%) 472 (81%)
 Black 48 (7.1%) 79 (14%)
 Hispanic 92 (14%) 5 (0.9%)
 Other/Unknown 62 (9.2%) 29 (5.0%)
Smoking history 255 (38%) 293 (50%)
FVC (% predicted) 66 (±19) 67 (±20)
DLCO (% predicted) 46 (±18) 47 (±18)
Prior RTX/CYC exposure 44 (6.5%) 8 (1.4%)
Prednisone use at blood draw 260 (38%) 119 (20%)
IS use at blood draw 156 (24%) 126 (22%)
AF use at blood draw 20 (3.0%) 26 (4.4%)
3-year transplant-free survival 445 (66%) 421 (72%)

Data are shown as mean (±SD) and n (%). Abbreviations: AF, antifibrotic; CTD-ILD, connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease; CYC, cyclophosphamide; DLCO, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; fHP, fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; FVC, forced vital capacity; IIP, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia; IS, immunosuppressant medication (mycophenolate, azathioprine, rituximab, or cyclophosphamide); RTX, rituximab.