Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of participants.
| Item | Overall (n = 646) (%) | Male (n = 223) (%) | Female (n = 423) (%) | Statistic | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 20.5 ± 1.5 | 20.4 ± 1.5 | 20.5 ± 1.5 | t = −0.63 | .529 |
| Major | χ2 = 0.70 | .706 | |||
| Clinical medicine | 601 (93.0) | 210 (94.2) | 391 (92.4) | ||
| Chinese medicine | 34 (5.3) | 10 (4.5) | 24 (5.7) | ||
| Others* | 11 (1.7) | 3 (1.3) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| University grade† | Z = −0.71 | .475 | |||
| Freshman | 235 (36.4) | 83 (37.2) | 152 (35.9) | ||
| Sophomore | 146 (22.6) | 52 (23.3) | 94 (22.2) | ||
| Junior | 104 (16.1) | 38 (17.1) | 66 (15.6) | ||
| Senior | 86 (13.3) | 27 (12.1) | 59 (14.0) | ||
| Fifth grade | 75 (11.6) | 23 (10.3) | 52 (12.3) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Han | 468 (72.4) | 162 (72.6) | 306 (72.3) | χ2 = 0.01 | .934 |
| Others | 178 (27.6) | 61 (27.4) | 117 (27.7) | ||
| Religion | Fisher’s | .241 | |||
| Yes | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | ||
| None | 643 (99.5) | 221 (99.1) | 422 (99.8) | ||
| Family residence | χ2 = 0.66 | .416 | |||
| City | 330 (51.1) | 109 (48.9) | 221 (52.2) | ||
| Rural or pastoral area | 316 (48.9) | 114 (51.1) | 202 (47.8) | ||
| Childhood residence | χ2 = 0.96 | .618 | |||
| City | 388 (60.1) | 134 (60.1) | 254 (60.1) | ||
| Town | 121 (18.7) | 38 (17.0) | 83 (19.6) | ||
| Rural or pastoral area | 137 (21.2) | 51 (22.9) | 86 (20.3) | ||
| Adolescence residence | χ2 = 3.45 | .179 | |||
| City | 526 (81.4) | 179 (80.3) | 347 (82.0) | ||
| Town | 90 (13.9) | 37 (16.6) | 53 (12.5) | ||
| Rural or pastoral area | 30 (4.7) | 7 (3.1) | 23 (5.5) | ||
| Marital status | Fisher’s | 1.000 | |||
| No | 639 (98.9) | 220 (98.6) | 419 (99.1) | ||
| Yes | 5 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (0.7) | ||
| Divorced | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | ||
| Paternal education | Z = 1.43 | .154 | |||
| Primary School or below | 108 (16.7) | 32 (14.3) | 76 (17.9) | ||
| High school | 303 (46.9) | 103 (46.2) | 200 (47.3) | ||
| Vocational school | 138 (21.4) | 51 (22.9) | 87 (20.6) | ||
| University and above | 97 (15.0) | 37 (16.6) | 60 (14.2) | ||
| Paternal occupation§ | χ2 = 2.47 | .651 | |||
| White-collar | 151 (23.4) | 55 (24.8) | 96 (22.7) | ||
| Blue-collar | 127 (19.7) | 41 (18.5) | 86 (20.3) | ||
| Farmer or herdsman | 193 (29.9) | 61 (27.5) | 132 (31.2) | ||
| Small business owner | 98 (15.2) | 39 (17.5) | 59 (14.0) | ||
| Jobless | 76 (11.8) | 26 (11.7) | 50 (11.8) | ||
| Maternal education | Z = 2.25 | .025 | |||
| Primary School or below | 129 (20.0) | 39 (17.5) | 90 (21.3) | ||
| High school | 282 (43.7) | 91 (40.8) | 191 (45.2) | ||
| Vocational school | 134 (20.7) | 48 (21.5) | 86 (20.3) | ||
| University and above | 101 (15.6) | 45 (20.2) | 56 (13.2) | ||
| Maternal occupation | χ2 = 8.66 | .070 | |||
| White-collar | 136 (21.1) | 56 (25.1) | 80 (18.9) | ||
| Blue-collar | 108 (16.7) | 37 (16.6) | 71 (16.8) | ||
| Farmer or herdsman | 158 (24.5) | 53 (23.8) | 105 (24.8) | ||
| Small business owner | 77 (11.9) | 32 (14.3) | 45 (10.6) | ||
| Jobless | 167 (25.8) | 45 (20.2) | 122 (28.9) | ||
| Yearly family income (Chinese Yuan, Thousand) | Z = 2.19 | .069 | |||
| <20 | 93 (14.4) | 32 (14.3) | 61 (14.4) | ||
| 20–<50 | 158 (24.4) | 45 (20.2) | 113 (26.7) | ||
| 50–<100 | 191 (29.6) | 60 (26.9) | 131 (31.0) | ||
| 100–<200 | 124 (19.2) | 53 (23.8) | 71 (16.8) | ||
| ≥200 | 80 (12.4) | 33 (14.8) | 47 (11.1) | ||
| Cervical or vulvar tumor in female family members or relatives | χ2 = 1.32 | .518 | |||
| Yes | 16 (2.5) | 5 (2.3) | 11 (2.6) | ||
| No | 501 (77.5) | 168 (75.3) | 333 (78.7) | ||
| Unknown | 129 (20.0) | 50 (22.4) | 79 (18.7) | ||
| Penile cancer in male family members or relatives | χ2 = 0.24 | .626 | |||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| No | 511 (79.1) | 174 (78.0) | 337 (79.7) | ||
| Unknown | 135 (20.9) | 49 (22.0) | 86 (20.3) | ||
| Oropharyngeal cancer in any family member or relative | Fisher’s | .842 | |||
| Yes | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (0.7) | ||
| No | 523 (81.0) | 178 (79.8) | 345 (81.6) | ||
| Unknown | 119 (18.4) | 44 (19.7) | 75 (17.7) | ||
| Sexual activity | χ2 = 12.66 | .002 | |||
| Yes | 14 (2.2) | 6 (2.7) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| No | 583 (90.2) | 189 (84.7) | 394 (93.1) | ||
| Declined to response | 49 (7.6) | 28 (12.6) | 21 (5.0) |
*Including medical imaging, laboratory medicine, stomatology, and pharmacology.
†The full course in medical university in China is 5 y.
§The father of a participant was dead.