Figure 2. AHSCT Results in Lasting Changes in Inflammatory Mediators in Serum of Patients With RRMS.

(A) Volcano plot showing changes in serum cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory markers, and neuroinflammatory mediators from baseline (n = 24) to month 6 (n = 24), month 12 (n = 22), month 24 (n = 22), and month 48 (n = 17) after transplant. (B) Changes in serum NfL and GFAP after transplant. Red lines indicate participants who met the primary end point for new disease activity before the end of study at month 60 (n = 7), and black lines indicate those without evidence of new disease activity (n = 17). *p < 0.05 vs baseline using the linear mixed-effects model. BL = baseline. (C) Venn diagrams depicting the overlap between biomarkers that are persistently changed in serum (definition of persistently changed = significantly changed at more than one time point from month 12 onward) and significantly changed in CSF at month 24 and/or month 48.