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. 2026 Sep 17;17:1883978. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1883978

Table 13.

Convergent validity of the graduate students’ generative AI literacy.

Convergent validity index Cognitive foundation Operational skills Higher-order thinking Metacognitive reflection Ethical responsibility
AVE 0.517 0.538 0.551 0.501 0.524
CR 0.763 0.777 0.786 0.752 0.768