Table 13.

Bootstrap estimates of total, direct, and indirect associations.

Hypothesis or association	Statistical path	Standardized effect	SE	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	Result
Total association	Exposure to fitness role models on social media → Social physique anxiety	0.494	0.037	0.419	0.547	Significant
Direct association	Exposure to fitness role models on social media → Social physique anxiety	0.263	0.077	0.114	0.349	Significant
H5	Exposure → Upward body comparison → Social physique anxiety	0.081	0.043	0.006	0.145	Supported
H6	Exposure → Body self-discrepancy → Social physique anxiety	0.095	0.058	0.027	0.194	Supported
H7	Exposure → Upward body comparison → Body self-discrepancy → Social physique anxiety	0.056	0.030	0.014	0.111	Supported within the hypothesized cross-sectional model

SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval. An indirect association was considered statistically significant when its 95% bootstrap confidence interval did not include zero. The directional arrows reflect the theoretically specified statistical model and do not establish causal direction or temporal sequence.