Fig. 2. RNA-seq analysis of heterozygous site proportion in male and female Varroa mites.

The two sexes showed similar heterozygosity proportions in their RNA across five families (mean difference = 0.022 ± 0.10, two-sided paired t-test: t(4) = 0.46, p = 0.672, Cohen’s d = 0.20, 95% CI [−0.70, 1.08]). The y-axis shows the proportion of heterozygous sites of total sites analyzed. In each boxplot, the horizontal line indicates the median, the box boundaries represent the interquartile range (25–75th percentiles), and the whiskers extend to the most extreme values within 1.5 × the interquartile range; individual points show the heterozygosity values for each mite.